General Horatio Phillip Van Cleve By African American Photographer J.P Ball. A waist up view CDV back marked Ball and Thomas, Cincinnati. When the Civil War began, he was appointed colonel of the 2nd Minnesota Infantry in 1861. Van Cleve led his regiment at Mill Springs (1862), earning praise for bravery. Promoted to brigadier general in March 1862, he commanded a brigade in the Army of the Ohio at Shiloh and Perryville. At Stones River (1862–1863), his brigade suffered heavy losses, and he was wounded. In 1863, he led a division in the XXI Corps at Chickamauga, where his unit faced intense Confederate assaults, and at Chattanooga, contributing to Union victories. Brevetted major general in 1865, Van Cleve served in administrative roles in Minnesota later in the war, overseeing recruitment and defenses. He resigned in 1866, returning to civilian life as a postmaster and farmer. Van Cleve’s career was marked by steady leadership in key Western Theater battles, despite health challenges from his wounds.