2nd Minnesota Infantry Col and General Horatio Van Cleve WIA Stones River. A bust view CDV back marked Whitney's Gallery, St Paul. Misidentified as A.J. Smith in period ink. When the Civil War began, he was appointed colonel of the 2nd Minnesota Infantry in 1861. Van Cleve led his regiment at Mill Springs (1862), earning praise for bravery. Promoted to brigadier general in March 1862, he commanded a brigade in the Army of the Ohio at Shiloh and Perryville. At Stones River (1862–1863), his brigade suffered heavy losses, and he was wounded. In 1863, he led a division in the XXI Corps at Chickamauga, where his unit faced intense Confederate assaults, and at Chattanooga, contributing to Union victories. Brevetted major general in 1865.